QAPoverty

 

What are the dimensions of poverty?
Answer:

·         Poverty means hunger and lack of shelter.

·         It is a situation in which parents are not able to send their children to school.

·         It is a situation where sick people cannot afford treatment.

·         Poverty also means lack of clean water and sanitation facilities.

·         It also means lack of a regular job at a minimum decent level.

What does ‘social exclusion’ mean?
Answer:

·         According to this concept, poverty must be seen in terms of the poor having to live only in a poor surrounding with other poor people, and excluded from enjoying social equality with better-off people in a better surrounding.

·         Social exclusion can be both a cause as well as a consequence of poverty in the rural sense.

·         It is a process through which individuals or groups are excluded from facilities, benefits and opportunities that others enjoy.

·         An example is the prevalence of the caste system in India in which people belonging to certain castes are excluded from equal opportunities.

·         It may cause more damage than having a very low income.

 

.
Explain the principle measures taken in Punjab, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh to reduce poverty.
Answer:
The measure taken in Punjab, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh to reduce poverty are :

·         The principal measures taken in Punjab to reduce poverty is increasing the agricultural growth rates.

·         Kerala has focused more on human resource development to reduce poverty.

·         Andhra Pradesh focused on public distribution of food grains to reduce poverty.

 

Q.                                                Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India.

Ans  (i) Interstate disparities of poverty can be noticed in India. It means the proportion of poor people is not the same in every state. Recent estimates show that in 20 states and union territories, the poverty ratio is less than the national average.
(ii) On the other hand, poverty is still a serious problem in states like Orissa, Bihar, Assam, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh.
(iii) In comparison, there has been a significant decline in poverty in Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and West Bengal.

 

What is the main cause of poverty in India?

 

Causes of Poverty

• The low level of economic development under British colonial rule. The policies of the colonial government ruined and devasted all traditional handicrafts and discouraged the development of industries like textiles.
• Unequal distribution of land and resources is another vital cause for poverty in India.
• To fulfil the demands of social obligations and religious ceremonies the poor community end up spending a lot which leads to poverty.
• Inequality in earning the income of the people is also a wide cause for poverty.
• The failure at the both the fronts: promotion of economic growth and population control perpetuated the cycle of poverty.

Q. ‘The results of poverty alleviation programmes have been mixed.’ Give reasons.

Ans. Reasons are-

1.  Lack of proper implementation and right targeting.

2.  Less effectiveness due to a lot of overlapping of the schemes.

3.  Despite of good intentions, the benefits of these programmes have not fully reached the deserving poor.

4.  Lack of proper monitoring of these programmes.

 What are the main features of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005?

Answer:(i) MGNREGA 2005 was passed in September 2005.

(ii) The act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts.

(iii) Later, the scheme will be extended to 600 districts. 

One-third of the jobs could be reserved for women. 

If government failed to provide employment, the salary for 100 days would be given

Q. What does PMRY stand for?

Answer: It stands for Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana, started in 1993. The aim of the programme is to create self employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns.

23. What were the targets of SGSY?

Answer: The Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana was launched in 1999. It aims at bringing up the assisted poor families above the poverty line by organizing them into self-help groups through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.

24. What was PMGY?

Answer: It was Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojna launched in 2000. Accordingly additional central assistance is given to the states for basic services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrificatio

n.

 

Q. State the various Poverty Alleviation Programmes introduced by the government to remove poverty.

(i) Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) : It is a scheme started in 1993. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployment youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small businesses and industries.

(ii) Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) : It was launched in 1995. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the programme.

(iii) Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) : It was launched in 1999. The programme aims at bringing the assisted poor families above the poverty line by organising them into self-help groups through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.

(iv) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) : It was launched in 2000. Under this programme, additional Central assistance is given to states for basic services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification.