QA People as resource

 

Answer the following questions

1. Define Human capital and human capital formation. Name any two sources of human capital formation.

Answer: Human capital - When investment is made in the form of education, training and medical care, the quality of population improves and becomes a great asset. It is known as human capital.

Human capital formation - When the investment is made in the existing human resource for further development by becoming more educated and healthy is termed as human capital formation.

The two sources of human capital formation are education and health.

2. Mention three sectors of economic activities with examples.

Answer: The three sectors of economic activities are:

1. Primary sector- It produces goods by exploiting natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, mining, animal husbandry and fishing.

2. Secondary sector. It converts all raw material into finished goods such as manufacturing industries and construction activities.

3. Tertiary sector. It includes trade, transportation, communication, education, health, tourism and insurance etc. It helps in the smooth functioning of primary and secondary sectors.

 

 

3. Define economic activities. Highlight the two types of economic activities.

Answer: Economic activities are those activities which add value to the national income.

The two types of economic activities are:

1. Market activities- These are those activities which involve remuneration to those who perform the activities for wages or profit.

2. Non-market activities- These activities refer to production activities which are performed for self-consumption and processing of primary products and own account production of fixed assets.

 

4. Distinguish between market and non-market activities with three points of distinction.

Answer:

Market Activities

(a) Market activities are those activities which include the production and consumption of goods.

(b) These activities are performed for pay or profits.

(c) Example: A teacher teaching in a school and a man working in a bank.

Non-market Activities

(a) Non-market activities include things which are not economic and comprises of exchange system.

(b) These activities are performed for self-consumption.

(c) Example: Subsistence farming and processing of primary products.

5. How are the children of educated parents are different from those of uneducated ones?

Answer:

Children of Educated Parents

(a) Children of educated parents are also educated because their parents know the value of education.

(b) They maintain high health and nutritional standards.

(c) They get better jobs because they are well educated.

(d) Educated parents are able to help their children in their self-studies.

Children of Uneducated Parents

(a) Children of uneducated parents are also uneducated because their parents do not know the value of education.

(b) They do not maintain high nutritional standards because of lack of awareness.

(c) They are generally employed in household works as their parents fail to realise the importance of education.

(d) Uneducated parents are not able to help their children in their self-studies.

Q. Mention any three features of National Health Policy.

Answer: The three features of National Health Policy are:

1. It aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare and family welfare.

2. It aims at improving the nutritional services with special focus on under-privileged segment of the population.

3. It has improved the ratio of nurses, doctors and beds in the country.

Q. What is the health status of the population in India?

Answer:

1. India has built a vast health infrastructure and has also developed the manpower required at primary, secondary and tertiary sector in government, as well as, in the private sector.

2. Life expectancy have been increased to over 68.3 years in 2014.

3. Infant mortality rate has come down from 147 in 1951 to 37 in 2015.

4. Crude birth rates have dropped to 20.8 and death rates to 6.5 within the same duration of time.

Q “Unemployment leads to low income and low savings and hence low demand and low production. This is the identification of a depressed economy.” Support the statement with arguments.

Answer: Unemployment has negative effects on the economic development of a country in the following ways:

1.  It is a wastage of manpower resource.

2.  It increases the economic overload and the number of dependent on population.

3.  The quality of life of an individual as well as the society is adversely affected.

4.   There is a feeling of hopelessness among the youth.

5.  The time period lost in the unemployment is an irrecoverable loss. It is the loss of productive period and the loss cannot be compensated.

Q.  In what way is human capital superior to other sources like physical capital? How a large population is turned into a productive asset? Explain.

Answer: Human capital is superior to other sources like physical capital as it can make use of other sources like land and physical capital. Human capital can develop land and physical capital according to his skill and education because they could not develop on their own.

A large population is turned into a productive asset by the following ways:

1. Proper investment in developing skills.

2. Emphasis on academic and vocational aspects of students.

3. Making available opportunities accessible to large section of people like technological know-how.

Q. Analyse the role of education in the formation of human capital formation.

Answer: The role of education in human capital formation is as follows:

1. Educated people earn more than the uneducated people.

2. Literate population is an asset to an economy.

3. It leads to higher productivity.

4. It opens new avenues for a person.

5. It provides new aspirations and develops values of life. It contributes to the growth of society.

6. It enhances the national income, cultural richness and the efficiency of the governance.

Q. Describe five main features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

Answer: The five main features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan are:

1. It is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years.

2. It is a time-bound initiative of the central government, in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for attaining the goal of universalisation of elementary education.

3. In this, bridge courses and back-to-school camps have been introduced to increase the enrolment in elementary education.

4. Mid-day meal scheme has been introduced to encourage attendance in schools and increase their nutritional status.

5. These type of polices of the government could add to the literate minds and further the economic development.

Q. Describe the policy of government on higher education as per 12th Five Year Plan.

Answer: The policy of the Indian government under the 12th Five Year Plan is as follows:

1. It focuses on improving the education sector.

2. It focuses on increasing access, quality and adoption of state-specific curriculum, modification, vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology.

3. It focuses on distance education, convergence of formal and non-formal distance and IT education institutions.

4. It aims at reducing gender gaps in literacy and to increase the literacy rates within the time period.

5. It aims at increasing the enrolment in higher education of 18 to 23 years age to 25.2% by 2017-18 and to reach the target of 30% by 2020-21.

Q. Why will a firm not like to employ a worker with ill-health? How does it affect the working environment?

Answer: A firm will not like to employ an ill-healthy worker because:

1. An unhealthy worker would not be able to contribute to the overall productivity of an organisation.

2. An unhealthy worker is a liability rather than an asset for an organisation.

3. An unhealthy worker cannot contribute to the growth of the organisation.

4. An unhealthy worker does not work regularly and remains on leaves due to sickness.

5. It creates a gloomy atmosphere in the surroundings.

Q. Describe different types of unemployment found in India.

Answer: The different types of unemployment found in India are:

1. Disguised unemployment- This is the phenomenon where too many workers are working in a specific job. It happens in small agricultural farms where the whole family is working on the same farm but so many workers are not required to cultivate the farm efficiently.

2. Seasonal unemployment-  It occurs when workers can find work in a specific season. For example, agricultural workers may find work only during busy agricultural seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing are done.

3. Educated unemployment- This type of unemployment is common in urban areas. There is unemployment among the educated and technically skilled workers because they are not able to find the jobs for themselves.

Q. Explain any five effects of unemployment on the overall growth of the economy.

Answer: The five effects of unemployment on the overall growth of an economy are:

1. It leads to wastage of manpower resource.

2. The people who are an asset become a liability.

3. It creates a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the young people. ‘

4. It increases economic overload, i.e., the dependence of unemployed on the working population.

5. The quality of life of an individual gets affected.