Class IX

Chapter 3 Electoral politics Q Discuss the importance of elections in a democracy. Answer: Elections are exceptionally important in a democracy because of the following reasons: 1 Without the elections, a democratic government cannot be set up. It has been rightly said, “ No election, no democracy.” 2 Through elections alone, the people can get rid of their cruel and unpopular government, and in its place, they can elect a new popular government. 3 It is through elections alone that an effective control can be maintained on the executive. 4 All the citizens in a modern democracy cannot run the administration. Only their representatives can do it for them. In order to choose such representatives, the elections are a must. Q (i) What are elections? (ii) “Elections are considered essential for any representative democracy.” Why? (iii) What is a constituency? Answer: (i) It is a mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them if they wish to ...

  Chapter 2 Constitutional Design Answer the following question- Q Define Apartheid. What were its implications? Answer: Apartheid was the name of a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa.  *Implications* : White Europeans imposed this system on South Africa - 1 White rulers treated non-whites as inferiors. 2 Non-whites did not have right to vote.  3 They were forbidden to live in white areas.  4 They were allowed to work there only with permit. 5 Trains, buses, hospitals, schools, cinemas, public places and public toilets were all separate for the whites and blacks. Q“The apartheid system was particularly oppressive for the blacks.” Justify. Answer: 1 They were forbidden from living in white areas. They could work in white areas only if they had a permit. 2 Trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools and colleges, libraries, cinema halls, theaters, beaches, swimming pools, public toilets, were all separate for the whites and blacks. This was cal...

Chapter 3 Drainage  Q. Define a river system and describe characteristics of river Indus. Answer: A  river along with its tributaries is called a river system. Characteristics of River Indus: 1 River Indus rises in Tibet near Mansarovar lake. 2 Its total length is 2,900 km and is one of the longest rivers of the world. 3 It flows through Baltistan and Gilgit and emerges from the mountain at Attock. 4 Majority flows through Pakistan and help in agricultural activities. 5 The main tributaries of Indus are Nubra, Hunza, Sulley, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum.  6. The Indus river flows southwards eventually reaching the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi. Q. Describe the main features of river Brahmaputra. Answer: features are 1 The Brahmaputra originates in Tibet where it is known as Tsangpo. 2 It flows eastwards parallel to the Himalayas, but it takes a U-turn around the Namcha Barwa and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh. 3 It is responsible for creating a havoc of floods in Assam an...

Ch  - Physical Features of India Q 1. Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from the north to the south. Answer: The three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south are: •    The northernmost range is known as the Great Himalayas or Inner Himalayas or Himadri. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks. It has an average height of 6000 meters. It consists of all the prominent Himalayan peaks. •    The southern range of Himadri which is known as the Himachal or the lesser Himalayas lies to the South of Himadri. It forms the most rugged mountain system. The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. The altitude varies between 3700 and 4500 meters and its average width is 50 km. •    The outermost range of the Himalayas is known as Shiwaliks. Its height varies between 900 meters and 1100 meters. This range is composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himala...